What is a Content Management System?

Denise, our lovely receptionist, read my blog post Carry on up the Internet: The Curse of Gerald Scarfe and asked what a Content Management System is.  So, always on the look out for something to post about, I thought I’d write an explanation…

So what is a Content Management System (CMS)?  Like a Ronnie Corbett monologue (opens new window) I’ll come to that in a minute.  First let’s have a look at how all web sites used to be made (and many still are).  Every page on the site had to be made using an editor like Wordpad on Windows or Vi on Unix.  You had to know how to write HTML markup code and later CSS.  If you added a new page and wanted it to be included in the navigation on every page you had to edit each of the files.  Then you had to use FTP to copy all the files from your computer to your web server.  It was a clumsy process that needed technical training to perform.  When you should have been worrying about the stuff that made up the page, you were worrying about making sure the page didn’t break.

Later software like Adobe Dreamweaver and Microsoft Frontpage came along that made some of this easier.  These still combined working on the site design and the content.  You also still needed to FTP the files to the web server.  Everyday users working on content still had to have special skills or pass content on to people who had those skills.

So what is a Content Management System?  If you look on Wikipedia you’ll see several different things listed under Content Management Systems.  Strictly speaking I’m just talking about a Web Content Management System.  This kind of CMS is computer software that makes running a web site easier.  It automates a lot of the routine work so a user can worry about their content and not worry about other stuff.  Many run as a secure, private part of the web site so an organisation’s staff can work on the site from different offices, home or anywhere else they can access the World Wide Web.

A good CMS makes it easy to add new pages and to edit existing ones.  It will include an editor for writing the content that goes into pages so a user doesn’t need to know HTML or CSS.  It will also automate tasks like making a site’s navigation, producing a sitemap and listing latest news articles on the home page.  It will take care of the look of the site.  It can make the site meets standards for accessibility and the underlying html code.  It can make pages that will work well with search engines.

Other features include the ability to add extra features to the site like video players, interactive maps or feeds from a new site.  They can include delegation and workflow so that different staff can have different levels of authority to work on the web site.  One user might be an author who writes content, another an editor who checks it and a third a publisher who approves it once the editor says it’s ready to go.

So what is a Content Management System?  In a nutshell a CMS lets the people who make the content for your web site, make your web site easily.